Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Thu 19 Sep 1940

The Sankashti fast is broken at moonrise. Chaturthi runs from 19:27 on Thu 19 Sep to 21:54 on Fri 20 Sep, touching moonrise on both nights. When it does, the Dharmasindhu takes the earlier day: Thu 19 Sep. No text giving Sankashti Chaturthi’s time was found; moonrise is Tithika’s convention.

Sankashti Chaturthi: every date in Ipameri

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 204°–216° is the 18th, Krishna Tritiya. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:05 here. Dwitiya ended at 16:50 Wed, before it. Tritiya ends at 19:27, when the lead reaches 216°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 16 Sep, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Wed 18 Sep ran from sunset 18:08 Wed to sunrise 06:05, 11 h 57 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 47 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:05 to 18:08, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 30 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:08 to 06:04 Fri, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 29 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Ashwini spans 0°00′–13°20′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 0°. It leaves at 02:40 Fri, for Bharani.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 153.2° + 3.2° = 156.4°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 146°40′–160°00′ is the 12th, Dhruva. It ends at 12:47, then Vyaghata.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Tritiya is Vanija and the second Vishti. Vanija runs until 06:10, when the lead reaches 210°; Vishti until 19:27.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:05 to 06:04 Fri, so the hours after midnight still belong to Guruwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Simha gives Bhadrapada. The Sun enters Kanya on 15 Sep, inside the month. The next new moon, 1 Oct, finds it in Kanya and begins Ashwina.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 1 Oct, with the Sun in Kanya, begins Ashwina. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Ashwina here, and Bhadrapada in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 7 Apr 1940, 17:18 Sun. Since then the Sun has moved 158.4° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 1997; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1862.