Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Sat 20 May 1939

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 12°–24° is the 2nd, Shukla Dwitiya. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:31 here. Pratipada ended at 23:45 Fri, before it. Dwitiya ends at 21:42, when the lead reaches 24°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 19 May, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise.

New Delhi · IST

Sunrise here, 05:28, came before Pratipada ended at 08:15: this day reads Pratipada.

Ipameri · UTC−3

Sunrise here, 06:31, came after Pratipada ended at 23:45 Fri: this day reads Dwitiya.

The night of Fri 19 May ran from sunset 17:46 Fri to sunrise 06:31, 12 h 45 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 51 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:31 to 17:46, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 24 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 17:46 to 06:32 Sun, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 35 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Rohini spans 40°00′–53°20′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 50°. It leaves at 10:15, for Mrigashira.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 35.5° + 51.1° = 86.6°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 80°00′–93°20′ is the 7th, Sukarma. It ends at 17:14, then Dhriti.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Dwitiya is Balava and the second Kaulava. Balava runs until 10:46, when the lead reaches 18°; Kaulava until 21:42.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:31 to 06:32 Sun, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shaniwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Vrishabha gives Jyeshtha. The Sun enters Mithuna on 14 Jun, inside the month. The next new moon, 17 Jun, finds it in Mithuna and begins Ashadha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 19 May, with the Sun in Vrishabha, began Jyeshtha. This Shukla paksha reads Jyeshtha in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 20 Mar 1939, 22:49 Mon. Since then the Sun has moved 59° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 1996; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1861.