Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Mon 13 Mar 1939

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 264°–276° is the 23rd, Krishna Ashtami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:15 here. Saptami ended at 05:51 Sun, before it. Ashtami ends at 07:31, when the lead reaches 276°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 5 Mar, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Ashtami began at 05:51 Sun, before sunrise at 06:14 Sun, and ends at 07:31, after the next sunrise at 06:15. Both days read Ashtami: it is a vriddhi tithi here.

The night of Sun 12 Mar ran from sunset 18:30 Sun to sunrise 06:15, 11 h 45 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 47 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:15 to 18:29, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 31 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:29 to 06:15 Tue, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 28 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Mula spans 240°00′–253°20′; the Moon entered its pada 2 at 243°20′. It leaves at 00:15 Tue, for Purva Ashadha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 328.9° + 244.3° = 573.2°, one full turn and 213.2°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 200°00′–213°20′ is the 16th, Siddhi. It ends at 06:30, then Vyatipata.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Ashtami is Balava and the second Kaulava. Balava ended at 18:37 Sun, when the lead reached 270°; Kaulava runs until 07:31.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:15 to 06:15 Tue, so the hours after midnight still belong to Somawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Kumbha gives Phalguna. The Sun enters Meena on 14 Mar, inside the month. The next new moon, 20 Mar, finds it in Meena and begins Chaitra.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 20 Mar, with the Sun in Meena, begins Chaitra. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Chaitra here, and Phalguna in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 31 Mar 1938, 15:51 Thu. Since then the Sun has moved 341.5° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 1995; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1860.