Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Fri 12 Jan 1934

Lohri’s bonfire is lit on the evening before Makar Sankranti. The Sun enters Makara at 16:13 Sat, and Makar Sankranti is on Sat 13 Jan: Fri 12 Jan. No text giving Lohri’s time was found; pradosha is Tithika’s convention.

Lohri: every date in Ipameri

Shiva’s Pradosh puja is done in pradosha, the 3 muhurtas after sunset. Trayodashi runs from 21:32 on Fri 12 Jan to 18:03 on Sat 13 Jan, between the two evenings’ pradosha, touching neither. The Nirnayasindhu then takes the earlier day: Fri 12 Jan. No text giving Pradosh Vrat’s time was found; pradosha is Tithika’s convention.

Pradosh Vrat: every date in Ipameri

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 312°–324° is the 27th, Krishna Dwadashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:47 here. Ekadashi ended at 00:39, before it. Dwadashi ends at 21:32, when the lead reaches 324°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 31 Dec, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise.

New Delhi · IST

Sunrise here, 07:15, came before Ekadashi ended at 09:09: this day reads Ekadashi. Dwadashi ends at 06:02 Sat, before the next sunrise, so no day here reads Dwadashi: it is kshaya.

Ipameri · UTC−3

Sunrise here, 05:47, came after Ekadashi ended at 00:39: this day reads Dwadashi.

The night of Thu 11 Jan ran from sunset 18:53 Thu to sunrise 05:47, 10 h 54 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 43 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:47 to 18:54, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 38 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:54 to 05:48 Sat, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 21 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Anuradha spans 213°20′–226°40′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 223°20′. It leaves at 10:59, for Jyeshtha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 268.5° + 223.5° = 492°, one full turn and 132°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 120°00′–133°20′ is the 10th, Ganda. It ends at 07:49, then Vriddhi.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Dwadashi is Kaulava and the second Taitila. Kaulava runs until 11:09, when the lead reaches 318°; Taitila until 21:32.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:47 to 05:48 Sat, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shukrawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Dhanu gives Pausha. The Sun enters Makara on 13 Jan, inside the month. The next new moon, 15 Jan, finds it in Makara and begins Magha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 15 Jan, with the Sun in Makara, begins Magha. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Magha here, and Pausha in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 26 Mar 1933, 01:20 Sun. Since then the Sun has moved 286.4° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 1990; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1855.