Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Fri 5 Jan 1934

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 228°–240° is the 20th, Krishna Panchami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:43 here. Chaturthi ended at 03:36, before it. Panchami ends at 05:15 Sat, when the lead reaches 240°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 31 Dec, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise.

New Delhi · IST

Sunrise here, 07:14, came before Chaturthi ended at 12:06: this day reads Chaturthi.

Ipameri · UTC−3

Sunrise here, 05:43, came after Chaturthi ended at 03:36: this day reads Panchami.

The night of Thu 4 Jan ran from sunset 18:52 Thu to sunrise 05:43, 10 h 51 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 43 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:43 to 18:52, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 38 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:52 to 05:44 Sat, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 21 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Magha spans 120°00′–133°20′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 130°. It leaves at 11:31, for Purva Phalguni.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 261.4° + 130.4° = 391.8°, one full turn and 31.8°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 26°40′–40°00′ is the 3rd, Ayushmana. It ends at 20:36, then Saubhagya.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Panchami is Kaulava and the second Taitila. Kaulava runs until 16:29, when the lead reaches 234°; Taitila until 05:15 Sat.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:43 to 05:44 Sat, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shukrawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Dhanu gives Pausha. The Sun enters Makara on 13 Jan, inside the month. The next new moon, 15 Jan, finds it in Makara and begins Magha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 15 Jan, with the Sun in Makara, begins Magha. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Magha here, and Pausha in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 26 Mar 1933, 01:20 Sun. Since then the Sun has moved 279.3° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 1990; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1855.