Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Wed 10 Dec 1930

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 228°–240° is the 20th, Krishna Panchami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:30 here. Chaturthi ended at 12:59 Tue, before it. Panchami ends at 10:34, when the lead reaches 240°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 5 Dec, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Tue 9 Dec ran from sunset 18:39 Tue to sunrise 05:30, 10 h 51 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 43 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:30 to 18:40, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 38 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:40 to 05:30 Thu, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 21 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Ashlesha spans 106°40′–120°00′; the Moon entered its pada 2 at 110°. It leaves at 19:07, for Magha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 234.7° + 111.9° = 346.6°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 333°20′–346°40′ is the 26th, Indra. It ends at 05:42, then Vaidhriti.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Panchami is Kaulava and the second Taitila. Kaulava ended at 23:46 Tue, when the lead reached 234°; Taitila runs until 10:34.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:30 to 05:30 Thu, so the hours after midnight still belong to Budhawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Vrishchika gives Margashirsha. The Sun enters Dhanu on 15 Dec, inside the month. The next new moon, 19 Dec, finds it in Dhanu and begins Pausha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 19 Dec, with the Sun in Dhanu, begins Pausha. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Pausha here, and Margashirsha in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 30 Mar 1930, 02:46 Sun. Since then the Sun has moved 248.8° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 1987; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1852.