Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Thu 15 Jul 1926

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 48°–60° is the 5th, Shukla Panchami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:43 here. Chaturthi ended at 04:34 Wed, before it. Panchami ends at 07:02, when the lead reaches 60°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 9 Jul, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Panchami began at 04:34 Wed, before sunrise at 06:43 Wed, and ends at 07:02, after the next sunrise at 06:43. Both days read Panchami: it is a vriddhi tithi here.

The night of Wed 14 Jul ran from sunset 17:53 Wed to sunrise 06:43, 12 h 50 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 51 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:43 to 17:53, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 23 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 17:53 to 06:43 Fri, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 36 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Uttara Phalguni spans 146°40′–160°00′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 146°40′. It leaves at 04:32 Fri, for Hasta.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 89.3° + 149.2° = 238.5°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 226°40′–240°00′ is the 18th, Variyana. It ends at 09:33, then Parigha.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Panchami is Bava and the second Balava. Bava ended at 17:49 Wed, when the lead reached 54°; Balava runs until 07:02.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:43 to 06:43 Fri, so the hours after midnight still belong to Guruwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Mithuna gives Ashadha. The Sun enters Karka on 16 Jul, inside the month. The next new moon, 8 Aug, finds it in Karka and begins Shravana.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 9 Jul, with the Sun in Mithuna, began Ashadha. This Shukla paksha reads Ashadha in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 12 Apr 1926, 09:56 Mon. Since then the Sun has moved 90.3° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 1983; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1848.