Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Fri 9 Nov 1923

The tilak is applied in aparahna, the fourth fifth of the day. Dwitiya runs from 08:32 on Fri 9 Nov to 04:48 on Sat 10 Nov, so only Friday’s aparahna (13:13–15:48) falls within it. No text giving Bhai Dooj’s time was found; aparahna is Tithika’s convention.

Bhai Dooj: every date in Ipameri

Govardhan Puja is done in pratahkala, the first fifth of the day. Pratipada runs from 12:26 on Thu 8 Nov to 08:32 on Fri 9 Nov, so only Friday’s pratahkala (05:31–08:05) falls within it. No text giving Govardhan Puja’s time was found; pratahkala is Tithika’s convention.

Govardhan Puja: every date in Ipameri

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 0°–12° is the 1st, Shukla Pratipada. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:31 here. Amavasya ended at 12:26 Thu, before it. Pratipada ends at 08:32, when the lead reaches 12°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 8 Nov, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Dwitiya began at 08:32 and ended at 04:48 Sat, between the sunrises of 05:31 and 05:30 Sat. Friday reads Pratipada and Saturday reads Tritiya: Dwitiya is a kshaya tithi here.

The night of Thu 8 Nov ran from sunset 18:21 Thu to sunrise 05:31, 11 h 10 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 44 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:31 to 18:22, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 36 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:22 to 05:30 Sat, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 23 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Vishakha spans 200°00′–213°20′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 210°. It leaves at 05:32, for Anuradha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 203.1° + 213.3° = 416.4°, one full turn and 56.4°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 53°20′–66°40′ is the 5th, Shobhana. It ends at 20:35, then Atiganda.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Pratipada is Kinstughna and the second Bava. Kinstughna ended at 22:29 Thu, when the lead reached 6°; Bava runs until 08:32.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:31 to 05:30 Sat, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shukrawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Tula gives Kartika. The Sun enters Vrishchika on 16 Nov, inside the month. The next new moon, 7 Dec, finds it in Vrishchika and begins Margashirsha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 8 Nov, with the Sun in Tula, began Kartika. This Shukla paksha reads Kartika in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 17 Mar 1923, 09:51 Sat. Since then the Sun has moved 230° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 1980; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1845.