Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Sun 20 May 1923

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 48°–60° is the 5th, Shukla Panchami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:31 here. Chaturthi ended at 00:44, before it. Panchami ends at 00:58 Mon, when the lead reaches 60°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 15 May, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise.

New Delhi · IST

Sunrise here, 05:28, came before Chaturthi ended at 09:14: this day reads Chaturthi.

Ipameri · UTC−3

Sunrise here, 06:31, came after Chaturthi ended at 00:44: this day reads Panchami.

The night of Sat 19 May ran from sunset 17:46 Sat to sunrise 06:31, 12 h 45 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 51 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:31 to 17:46, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 24 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 17:46 to 06:32 Mon, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 35 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Punarvasu spans 80°00′–93°20′; the Moon entered its pada 2 at 83°20′. It leaves at 19:28, for Pushya.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 35.6° + 86.4° = 122°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 120°00′–133°20′ is the 10th, Ganda. It ends at 02:14 Mon, then Vriddhi.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Panchami is Bava and the second Balava. Bava runs until 12:54, when the lead reaches 54°; Balava until 00:58 Mon.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:31 to 06:32 Mon, so the hours after midnight still belong to Raviwara.

A month normally holds one sankranti, the Sun's entry into a new rashi. From 15 May 19:38 Tue to 14 Jun 09:41 Thu the Sun stayed in Vrishabha, entering Mithuna at 14 Jun 18:42 Thu, after the new moon. A month with no sankranti is Adhika Jyeshtha, before Jyeshtha itself.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 15 May, with the Sun in Vrishabha, began Jyeshtha (Adhik). This Shukla paksha reads Jyeshtha (Adhik) in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 17 Mar 1923, 09:51 Sat. Since then the Sun has moved 62.5° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 1980; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1845.