Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Fri 13 Apr 1923

The Sun enters Mesha at 15:01, between sunrise (06:21) and sunset (18:05): Fri 13 Apr. No text giving Mesha Sankranti’s time was found; sankranti is Tithika’s convention.

Mesha Sankranti: every date in Ipameri

Shiva’s Pradosh puja is done in pradosha, the 3 muhurtas after sunset. Trayodashi runs from 19:49 on Thu 12 Apr to 22:16 on Fri 13 Apr, touching pradosha on both evenings. The Nirnayasindhu takes the evening it holds more of: Fri 13 Apr. No text giving Pradosh Vrat’s time was found; pradosha is Tithika’s convention.

Pradosh Vrat: every date in Ipameri

Shiva’s worship centres on nishitha, the midnight muhurta. Chaturdashi runs from 22:16 on Fri 13 Apr to 00:51 on Sun 15 Apr, holding as much of nishitha on both nights. The Nirnayasindhu then takes the earlier: Fri 13 Apr. No text giving Masik Shivratri’s time was found; nishitha is Tithika’s convention.

Masik Shivratri: every date in Ipameri

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 324°–336° is the 28th, Krishna Trayodashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:21 here. Dwadashi ended at 19:49 Thu, before it. Trayodashi ends at 22:16, when the lead reaches 336°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 1 Apr, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Thu 12 Apr ran from sunset 18:06 Thu to sunrise 06:21, 12 h 15 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 49 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:21 to 18:05, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 28 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:05 to 06:21 Sat, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 32 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Purva Bhadrapada spans 320°00′–333°20′; the Moon entered its pada 3 at 326°40′. It leaves at 16:15, for Uttara Bhadrapada.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 359.6° + 328.4° = 688°, one full turn and 328°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 320°00′–333°20′ is the 25th, Brahma. It ends at 16:10, then Indra.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Trayodashi is Garaja and the second Vanija. Garaja runs until 09:01, when the lead reaches 330°; Vanija until 22:16.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:21 to 06:21 Sat, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shukrawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Meena gives Chaitra. The Sun enters Mesha on 13 Apr, inside the month. The next new moon, 16 Apr, finds it in Mesha and begins Vaishakha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 16 Apr, with the Sun in Mesha, begins Vaishakha. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Vaishakha here, and Chaitra in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 17 Mar 1923, 09:51 Sat. Since then the Sun has moved 26.5° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 1980; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1845.