Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Sun 21 Jan 1923

Saraswati Puja is done in purvahna, the first half of the day. Panchami began at 03:55 on Sun 21 Jan, before that morning’s purvahna, and ended at 06:20 on Mon 22 Jan, partway into the next. The Nirnayasindhu takes the morning Panchami fills: Sun 21 Jan. No text giving Vasant Panchami’s time was found; purvahna is Tithika’s convention.

Vasant Panchami: every date in Ipameri

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 48°–60° is the 5th, Shukla Panchami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:53 here. Chaturthi ended at 03:55, before it. Panchami ends at 06:20 Mon, when the lead reaches 60°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 16 Jan, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Panchami began at 03:55, before sunrise at 05:53, and ends at 06:20 Mon, after the next sunrise at 05:54 Mon. Both days read Panchami: it is a vriddhi tithi here.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise.

New Delhi · IST

Sunrise here, 07:14, came before Chaturthi ended at 12:25: this day reads Chaturthi.

Ipameri · UTC−3

Sunrise here, 05:53, came after Chaturthi ended at 03:55: this day reads Panchami.

The night of Sat 20 Jan ran from sunset 18:54 Sat to sunrise 05:53, 10 h 59 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 43 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:53 to 18:54, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 37 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:54 to 05:54 Mon, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 22 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Purva Bhadrapada spans 320°00′–333°20′; the Moon entered its pada 2 at 323°20′. It leaves at 19:46, for Uttara Bhadrapada.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 277.5° + 326.4° = 603.9°, one full turn and 243.9°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 240°00′–253°20′ is the 19th, Parigha. It ends at 23:16, then Shiva.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Panchami is Bava and the second Balava. Bava runs until 17:05, when the lead reaches 54°; Balava until 06:20 Mon.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:53 to 05:54 Mon, so the hours after midnight still belong to Raviwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Makara gives Magha. The Sun enters Kumbha on 12 Feb, inside the month. The next new moon, 15 Feb, finds it in Kumbha and begins Phalguna.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 16 Jan, with the Sun in Makara, began Magha. This Shukla paksha reads Magha in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 28 Mar 1922, 10:03 Tue. Since then the Sun has moved 293.2° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 1979; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1844.