Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Sat 31 Dec 1921

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 12°–24° is the 2nd, Shukla Dwitiya. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:40 here. Pratipada ended at 03:59 Fri, before it. Dwitiya ends at 05:46, when the lead reaches 24°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 29 Dec, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Dwitiya began at 03:59 Fri, before sunrise at 05:39 Fri, and ends at 05:46, after the next sunrise at 05:40. Both days read Dwitiya: it is a vriddhi tithi here.

The night of Fri 30 Dec ran from sunset 18:50 Fri to sunrise 05:40, 10 h 50 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 43 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:40 to 18:51, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 38 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:51 to 05:41 Sun, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 21 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Shravana spans 280°00′–293°20′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 280°. It leaves at 07:38 Sun, for Dhanishtha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 256.4° + 280.3° = 536.7°, one full turn and 176.7°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 173°20′–186°40′ is the 14th, Harshana. It ends at 23:57, then Vajra.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Dwitiya is Balava and the second Kaulava. Balava ended at 16:50 Fri, when the lead reached 18°; Kaulava runs until 05:46.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:40 to 05:41 Sun, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shaniwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Dhanu gives Pausha. The Sun enters Makara on 13 Jan, inside the month. The next new moon, 27 Jan, finds it in Makara and begins Magha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 29 Dec, with the Sun in Dhanu, began Pausha. This Shukla paksha reads Pausha in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 8 Apr 1921, 06:04 Fri. Since then the Sun has moved 261.2° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 1978; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1843.