Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Fri 12 Oct 1917

Shiva’s Pradosh puja is done in pradosha, the 3 muhurtas after sunset. Trayodashi began at 17:45 on Fri 12 Oct, before that evening’s pradosha, and ended at 20:03 on Sat 13 Oct, partway into the next. The Nirnayasindhu takes the evening Trayodashi fills: Fri 12 Oct. No text giving Pradosh Vrat’s time was found; pradosha is Tithika’s convention.

Pradosh Vrat: every date in Ipameri

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 312°–324° is the 27th, Krishna Dwadashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:46 here. Ekadashi ended at 15:13 Thu, before it. Dwadashi ends at 17:45, when the lead reaches 324°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 30 Sep, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Thu 11 Oct ran from sunset 18:12 Thu to sunrise 05:46, 11 h 34 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 46 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:46 to 18:12, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 33 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:12 to 05:45 Sat, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 26 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Purva Phalguni spans 133°20′–146°40′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 133°20′. It leaves at 06:42 Sat, for Uttara Phalguni.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 175.7° + 134.3° = 310°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 306°40′–320°00′ is the 24th, Shukla. It ends at 00:19 Sat, then Brahma.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Dwadashi is Kaulava and the second Taitila. Kaulava ended at 04:30, when the lead reached 318°; Taitila runs until 17:45.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:46 to 05:45 Sat, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shukrawara.

A month normally holds one sankranti, the Sun's entry into a new rashi. From 16 Sep 07:27 Sun to 15 Oct 23:40 Mon the Sun stayed in Kanya, entering Tula at 16 Oct 12:55 Tue, after the new moon. A month with no sankranti is Adhika Ashwina, before Ashwina itself.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 15 Oct, with the Sun in Kanya, begins Ashwina (Adhik). Until then this Krishna paksha reads Ashwina (Adhik) here, and Ashwina (Adhik) in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 23 Mar 1917, 01:04 Fri. Since then the Sun has moved 196.4° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 1974; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1839.