Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Wed 26 Jul 1916

Shiva’s Pradosh puja is done in pradosha, the 3 muhurtas after sunset. Trayodashi began at 15:35 on Wed 26 Jul, before that evening’s pradosha, and ended at 18:08 on Thu 27 Jul, partway into the next. The Nirnayasindhu takes the evening Trayodashi fills: Wed 26 Jul. No text giving Pradosh Vrat’s time was found; pradosha is Tithika’s convention.

Pradosh Vrat: every date in Ipameri

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 312°–324° is the 27th, Krishna Dwadashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:41 here. Ekadashi ended at 13:12 Tue, before it. Dwadashi ends at 15:35, when the lead reaches 324°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 15 Jul, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Tue 25 Jul ran from sunset 17:56 Tue to sunrise 06:41, 12 h 45 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 51 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:41 to 17:57, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 24 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 17:57 to 06:41 Thu, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 35 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Mrigashira spans 53°20′–66°40′; the Moon entered its pada 3 at 60°. It leaves at 19:35, for Ardra.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 100.3° + 60.3° = 160.6°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 160°00′–173°20′ is the 13th, Vyaghata. It ends at 06:30 Thu, then Harshana.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Dwadashi is Kaulava and the second Taitila. Kaulava ended at 02:21, when the lead reached 318°; Taitila runs until 15:35.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:41 to 06:41 Thu, so the hours after midnight still belong to Budhawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Mithuna gives Ashadha. The Sun enters Karka on 15 Jul, inside the month. The next new moon, 29 Jul, finds it in Karka and begins Shravana.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 29 Jul, with the Sun in Karka, begins Shravana. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Shravana here, and Ashadha in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 2 Apr 1916, 13:20 Sun. Since then the Sun has moved 110.4° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 1973; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1838.