Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Sun 12 Jan 1913

Lohri’s bonfire is lit on the evening before Makar Sankranti. The Sun enters Makara at 06:46 Mon, and Makar Sankranti is on Mon 13 Jan: Sun 12 Jan. No text giving Lohri’s time was found; pradosha is Tithika’s convention.

Lohri: every date in Ipameri

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 48°–60° is the 5th, Shukla Panchami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:48 here. Chaturthi ended at 17:02 Sat, before it. Panchami ends at 19:45, when the lead reaches 60°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 7 Jan, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

The night of Sat 11 Jan ran from sunset 18:54 Sat to sunrise 05:48, 10 h 54 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 43 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:48 to 18:54, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 38 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:54 to 05:48 Mon, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 21 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Purva Bhadrapada spans 320°00′–333°20′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 320°. It leaves at 03:28 Mon, for Uttara Bhadrapada.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 268.9° + 322.7° = 591.6°, one full turn and 231.6°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 226°40′–240°00′ is the 18th, Variyana. It ends at 21:31, then Parigha.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Panchami is Bava and the second Balava. Bava runs until 06:24, when the lead reaches 54°; Balava until 19:45.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:48 to 05:48 Mon, so the hours after midnight still belong to Raviwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Dhanu gives Pausha. The Sun enters Makara on 13 Jan, inside the month. The next new moon, 6 Feb, finds it in Makara and begins Magha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 7 Jan, with the Sun in Dhanu, began Pausha. This Shukla paksha reads Pausha in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 18 Mar 1912, 19:08 Mon. Since then the Sun has moved 293.6° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 1969; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1834.