Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Sun 22 Dec 1912

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 144°–156° is the 13th, Shukla Trayodashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:35 here. Dwadashi ended at 08:04 Sat, before it. Trayodashi ends at 06:29, when the lead reaches 156°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 8 Dec, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Chaturdashi began at 06:29 and ended at 04:15 Mon, between the sunrises of 05:35 and 05:36 Mon. Sunday reads Trayodashi and Monday reads Purnima: Chaturdashi is a kshaya tithi here.

The night of Sat 21 Dec ran from sunset 18:46 Sat to sunrise 05:35, 10 h 49 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 43 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:35 to 18:47, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 38 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:47 to 05:36 Mon, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 21 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Rohini spans 40°00′–53°20′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 40°. It leaves at 22:59, for Mrigashira.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 247.5° + 43° = 290.5°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 280°00′–293°20′ is the 22nd, Sadhya. It ends at 10:00, then Shubha.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Trayodashi is Kaulava and the second Taitila. Kaulava ended at 19:22 Sat, when the lead reached 150°; Taitila runs until 06:29.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:35 to 05:36 Mon, so the hours after midnight still belong to Raviwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Vrishchika gives Margashirsha. The Sun enters Dhanu on 14 Dec, inside the month. The next new moon, 7 Jan, finds it in Dhanu and begins Pausha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 8 Dec, with the Sun in Vrishchika, began Margashirsha. This Shukla paksha reads Margashirsha in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 18 Mar 1912, 19:08 Mon. Since then the Sun has moved 272.2° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 1969; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1834.