Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Sun 26 Nov 1911

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 48°–60° is the 5th, Shukla Panchami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:28 here. Chaturthi ended at 03:08 Sat, before it. Panchami ends at 05:41, when the lead reaches 60°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 20 Nov, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Panchami began at 03:08 Sat, before sunrise at 05:28 Sat, and ends at 05:41, after the next sunrise at 05:28. Both days read Panchami: it is a vriddhi tithi here.

The night of Sat 25 Nov ran from sunset 18:31 Sat to sunrise 05:28, 10 h 57 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 43 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:28 to 18:31, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 38 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:31 to 05:28 Mon, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 22 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Shravana spans 280°00′–293°20′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 280°. It leaves at 07:44 Mon, for Dhanishtha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 220.4° + 280.3° = 500.7°, one full turn and 140.7°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 133°20′–146°40′ is the 11th, Vriddhi. It ends at 16:43, then Dhruva.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Panchami is Bava and the second Balava. Bava ended at 16:25 Sat, when the lead reached 54°; Balava runs until 05:41.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:28 to 05:28 Mon, so the hours after midnight still belong to Raviwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Vrishchika gives Margashirsha. The Sun enters Dhanu on 15 Dec, inside the month. The next new moon, 20 Dec, finds it in Dhanu and begins Pausha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 20 Nov, with the Sun in Vrishchika, began Margashirsha. This Shukla paksha reads Margashirsha in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 30 Mar 1911, 09:37 Thu. Since then the Sun has moved 234.3° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 1968; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1833.