Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Wed 29 Sep 1909

The first shraddha of Pitru Paksha is done in aparahna, the fourth fifth of the day. Pratipada runs from 09:58 on Wed 29 Sep to 06:03 on Thu 30 Sep, so only Wednesday’s aparahna (13:10–15:36) falls within it. No text giving Pitru Paksha begins’s time was found; aparahna is Tithika’s convention.

Pitru Paksha begins: every date in Ipameri

Purnima follows the tithi at sunrise. Purnima runs from 13:53 on Tue 28 Sep to 09:58 on Wed 29 Sep, so it holds sunrise only on Wed 29 Sep, at 05:50. No text giving Purnima’s time was found; sunrise is Tithika’s convention.

Purnima: every date in Ipameri

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 168°–180° is the 15th, Shukla Purnima. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:56 here. Chaturdashi ended at 13:59 Tue, before it. Purnima ends at 10:05, when the lead reaches 180°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 14 Sep, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

The night of Tue 28 Sep ran from sunset 18:09 Tue to sunrise 05:56, 11 h 47 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 47 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:56 to 18:09, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 31 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:09 to 05:56 Thu, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 28 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Uttara Bhadrapada spans 333°20′–346°40′; the Moon entered its pada 3 at 340°. It leaves at 15:35, for Revati.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 163° + 340.5° = 503.5°, one full turn and 143.5°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 133°20′–146°40′ is the 11th, Vriddhi. It ends at 10:38, then Dhruva.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Purnima is Vishti and the second Bava. Vishti ended at 00:03, when the lead reached 174°; Bava runs until 10:05.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:56 to 05:56 Thu, so the hours after midnight still belong to Budhawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Simha gives Bhadrapada. The Sun enters Kanya on 15 Sep, inside the month. The next new moon, 14 Oct, finds it in Kanya and begins Ashwina.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 14 Sep, with the Sun in Simha, began Bhadrapada. This Shukla paksha reads Bhadrapada in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 21 Mar 1909, 17:11 Sun. Since then the Sun has moved 185° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 1966; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1831.