Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Sun 4 Jul 1909

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 180°–192° is the 16th, Krishna Pratipada. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:44 here. Purnima ended at 09:17 Sat, before it. Pratipada ends at 07:35, when the lead reaches 192°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 3 Jul, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Dwitiya began at 07:35 and ended at 05:30 Mon, between the sunrises of 06:44 and 06:44 Mon. Sunday reads Pratipada and Monday reads Tritiya: Dwitiya is a kshaya tithi here.

The night of Sat 3 Jul ran from sunset 17:49 Sat to sunrise 06:44, 12 h 55 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 51 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:44 to 17:49, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 23 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 17:49 to 06:44 Mon, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 36 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Uttara Ashadha spans 266°40′–280°00′; the Moon entered its pada 2 at 270°. It leaves at 22:37, for Shravana.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 79.2° + 270.7° = 349.9°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 346°40′–360°00′ is the 27th, Vaidhriti. It ends at 22:58, then Vishkambha.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Pratipada is Balava and the second Kaulava. Balava ended at 20:29 Sat, when the lead reached 186°; Kaulava runs until 07:35.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:44 to 06:44 Mon, so the hours after midnight still belong to Raviwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Mithuna gives Ashadha. The Sun enters Karka on 15 Jul, inside the month. The next new moon, 17 Jul, finds it in Karka and begins Shravana.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 17 Jul, with the Sun in Karka, begins Shravana. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Shravana here, and Ashadha in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 21 Mar 1909, 17:11 Sun. Since then the Sun has moved 101.2° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 1966; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1831.