Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Sun 20 Jan 1907

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 72°–84° is the 7th, Shukla Saptami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:52 here. Shashthi ended at 16:16 Sat, before it. Saptami ends at 17:02, when the lead reaches 84°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 14 Jan, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

The night of Sat 19 Jan ran from sunset 18:54 Sat to sunrise 05:52, 10 h 58 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 43 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:52 to 18:54, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 37 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:54 to 05:53 Mon, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 22 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Revati spans 346°40′–360°00′; the Moon entered its pada 3 at 353°20′. It leaves at 14:57, for Ashwini.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 276.6° + 355.3° = 631.9°, one full turn and 271.9°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 266°40′–280°00′ is the 21st, Siddha. It ends at 20:17, then Sadhya.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Saptami is Garaja and the second Vanija. Garaja ended at 04:33, when the lead reached 78°; Vanija runs until 17:02.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:52 to 05:53 Mon, so the hours after midnight still belong to Raviwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Makara gives Magha. The Sun enters Kumbha on 12 Feb, inside the month. The next new moon, 12 Feb, finds it in Kumbha and begins Phalguna.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 14 Jan, with the Sun in Makara, began Magha. This Shukla paksha reads Magha in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 24 Mar 1906, 20:51 Sat. Since then the Sun has moved 295.7° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 1963; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1828.