Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Wed 14 Dec 1904

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 72°–84° is the 7th, Shukla Saptami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:32 here. Shashthi ended at 03:12 Tue, before it. Saptami ends at 05:45, when the lead reaches 84°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 7 Dec, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Saptami began at 03:12 Tue, before sunrise at 05:31 Tue, and ends at 05:45, after the next sunrise at 05:32. Both days read Saptami: it is a vriddhi tithi here.

The night of Tue 13 Dec ran from sunset 18:42 Tue to sunrise 05:32, 10 h 49 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 43 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:32 to 18:43, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 38 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:43 to 05:32 Thu, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 21 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Purva Bhadrapada spans 320°00′–333°20′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 320°. It leaves at 01:53 Thu, for Uttara Bhadrapada.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 239.4° + 323.3° = 562.7°, one full turn and 202.7°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 200°00′–213°20′ is the 16th, Siddhi. It ends at 01:21 Thu, then Vyatipata.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Saptami is Garaja and the second Vanija. Garaja ended at 16:26 Tue, when the lead reached 78°; Vanija runs until 05:45.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:32 to 05:32 Thu, so the hours after midnight still belong to Budhawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Vrishchika gives Margashirsha. The Sun enters Dhanu on 14 Dec, inside the month. The next new moon, 5 Jan, finds it in Dhanu and begins Pausha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 7 Dec, with the Sun in Vrishchika, began Margashirsha. This Shukla paksha reads Margashirsha in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 17 Mar 1904, 02:39 Thu. Since then the Sun has moved 265.7° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 1961; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1826.