Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Thu 26 May 1904

Shiva’s Pradosh puja is done in pradosha, the 3 muhurtas after sunset. Trayodashi runs from 10:00 on Thu 26 May to 08:17 on Fri 27 May, so only Thursday’s pradosha (17:38–20:12) falls within it. No text giving Pradosh Vrat’s time was found; pradosha is Tithika’s convention.

Pradosh Vrat: every date in Ipameri

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 132°–144° is the 12th, Shukla Dwadashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:34 here. Ekadashi ended at 12:00 Wed, before it. Dwadashi ends at 10:06, when the lead reaches 144°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 15 May, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

The night of Wed 25 May ran from sunset 17:45 Wed to sunrise 06:34, 12 h 49 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 51 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:34 to 17:45, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 23 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 17:45 to 06:34 Fri, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 36 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Chitra spans 173°20′–186°40′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 183°20′. It leaves at 10:43, for Swati.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 42.2° + 184.2° = 226.4°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 213°20′–226°40′ is the 17th, Vyatipata. It ends at 06:58, then Variyana.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Dwadashi is Bava and the second Balava. Bava ended at 23:02 Wed, when the lead reached 138°; Balava runs until 10:06.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:34 to 06:34 Fri, so the hours after midnight still belong to Guruwara.

A month normally holds one sankranti, the Sun's entry into a new rashi. From 15 May 07:57 Sun to 13 Jun 18:10 Mon the Sun stayed in Vrishabha, entering Mithuna at 13 Jun 21:50 Mon, after the new moon. A month with no sankranti is Adhika Jyeshtha, before Jyeshtha itself.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 15 May, with the Sun in Vrishabha, began Jyeshtha (Adhik). This Shukla paksha reads Jyeshtha (Adhik) in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 17 Mar 1904, 02:39 Thu. Since then the Sun has moved 68.5° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 1961; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1826.