Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Mon 16 May 1904

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 0°–12° is the 1st, Shukla Pratipada. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:30 here. Amavasya ended at 07:57 Sun, before it. Pratipada ends at 07:11, when the lead reaches 12°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 15 May, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Dwitiya began at 07:11 and ended at 05:57 Tue, between the sunrises of 06:30 and 06:30 Tue. Monday reads Pratipada and Tuesday reads Tritiya: Dwitiya is a kshaya tithi here.

The night of Sun 15 May ran from sunset 17:47 Sun to sunrise 06:30, 12 h 43 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 50 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:30 to 17:47, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 24 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 17:47 to 06:30 Tue, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 35 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Rohini spans 40°00′–53°20′; the Moon entered its pada 2 at 43°20′. It leaves at 22:40, for Mrigashira.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 32.5° + 44.2° = 76.7°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 66°40′–80°00′ is the 6th, Atiganda. It ends at 11:54, then Sukarma.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Pratipada is Kinstughna and the second Bava. Kinstughna ended at 19:38 Sun, when the lead reached 6°; Bava runs until 07:11.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:30 to 06:30 Tue, so the hours after midnight still belong to Somawara.

A month normally holds one sankranti, the Sun's entry into a new rashi. From 15 May 07:57 Sun to 13 Jun 18:10 Mon the Sun stayed in Vrishabha, entering Mithuna at 13 Jun 21:50 Mon, after the new moon. A month with no sankranti is Adhika Jyeshtha, before Jyeshtha itself.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 15 May, with the Sun in Vrishabha, began Jyeshtha (Adhik). This Shukla paksha reads Jyeshtha (Adhik) in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 17 Mar 1904, 02:39 Thu. Since then the Sun has moved 58.8° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 1961; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1826.