Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Fri 19 Jul 1901

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 36°–48° is the 4th, Shukla Chaturthi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:43 here. Tritiya ended at 16:20 Thu, before it. Chaturthi ends at 16:43, when the lead reaches 48°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 15 Jul, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

The night of Thu 18 Jul ran from sunset 17:54 Thu to sunrise 06:43, 12 h 49 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 51 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:43 to 17:54, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 24 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 17:54 to 06:42 Sat, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 36 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Purva Phalguni spans 133°20′–146°40′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 133°20′. It leaves at 01:49 Sat, for Uttara Phalguni.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 93.5° + 136.6° = 230.1°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 226°40′–240°00′ is the 18th, Variyana. It ends at 00:09 Sat, then Parigha.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Chaturthi is Vanija and the second Vishti. Vanija ended at 04:26, when the lead reached 42°; Vishti runs until 16:43.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:43 to 06:42 Sat, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shukrawara.

A month normally holds one sankranti, the Sun's entry into a new rashi. From 15 Jul 19:10 Mon to 14 Aug 05:27 Wed the Sun stayed in Karka, entering Simha at 15 Aug 22:52 Thu, after the new moon. A month with no sankranti is Adhika Shravana, before Shravana itself.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 15 Jul, with the Sun in Karka, began Shravana (Adhik). This Shukla paksha reads Shravana (Adhik) in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 20 Mar 1901, 09:52 Wed. Since then the Sun has moved 116.7° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 1958; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1823.