Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Sat 13 Apr 1901

The Sun enters Mesha at 23:34 Fri, after sunset (17:59 Fri), so the next day keeps it: Sat 13 Apr. No text giving Mesha Sankranti’s time was found; sankranti is Tithika’s convention.

Mesha Sankranti: every date in Ipameri

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 276°–288° is the 24th, Krishna Navami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:21 here. Ashtami ended at 12:52 Fri, before it. Navami ends at 12:07, when the lead reaches 288°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 3 Apr, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Fri 12 Apr ran from sunset 18:06 Fri to sunrise 06:21, 12 h 15 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 49 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:21 to 18:05, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 28 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:05 to 06:21 Sun, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 32 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Shravana spans 280°00′–293°20′; the Moon entered its pada 2 at 283°20′. It leaves at 20:36, for Dhanishtha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 0.3° + 285.3° = 285.6°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 280°00′–293°20′ is the 22nd, Sadhya. It ends at 19:12, then Shubha.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Navami is Taitila and the second Garaja. Taitila ended at 00:36, when the lead reached 282°; Garaja runs until 12:07.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:21 to 06:21 Sun, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shaniwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Meena gives Chaitra. The Sun enters Mesha on 12 Apr, inside the month. The next new moon, 18 Apr, finds it in Mesha and begins Vaishakha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 18 Apr, with the Sun in Mesha, begins Vaishakha. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Vaishakha here, and Chaitra in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 20 Mar 1901, 09:52 Wed. Since then the Sun has moved 23.5° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 1958; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1823.