Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Sun 20 Jan 1901

Mauni Amavasya follows the tithi at sunrise. Amavasya runs from 12:50 on Sat 19 Jan to 11:29 on Sun 20 Jan, so it holds sunrise only on Sun 20 Jan, at 05:46. No text giving Mauni Amavasya’s time was found; sunrise is Tithika’s convention.

Mauni Amavasya: every date in Ipameri

Amavasya follows the tithi at sunrise. Amavasya runs from 12:50 on Sat 19 Jan to 11:29 on Sun 20 Jan, so it holds sunrise only on Sun 20 Jan, at 05:46. No text giving Amavasya’s time was found; sunrise is Tithika’s convention.

Amavasya: every date in Ipameri

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 348°–360° is the 30th, Krishna Amavasya. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:53 here. Chaturdashi ended at 12:56 Sat, before it. Amavasya ends at 11:35, when the lead reaches 360°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 4 Jan, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Sat 19 Jan ran from sunset 18:54 Sat to sunrise 05:53, 10 h 58 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 43 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:53 to 18:54, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 37 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:54 to 05:53 Mon, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 22 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Uttara Ashadha spans 266°40′–280°00′; the Moon entered its pada 3 at 273°20′. It leaves at 16:04, for Shravana.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 277.2° + 274.1° = 551.3°, one full turn and 191.3°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 186°40′–200°00′ is the 15th, Vajra. It ends at 19:55, then Siddhi.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Amavasya is Chatushpada and the second Nagava. Chatushpada ended at 00:20, when the lead reached 354°; Nagava runs until 11:35.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:53 to 05:53 Mon, so the hours after midnight still belong to Raviwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Dhanu gives Pausha. The Sun enters Makara on 13 Jan, inside the month. The next new moon, 20 Jan, finds it in Makara and begins Magha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 20 Jan, with the Sun in Makara, begins Magha. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Magha here, and Pausha in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 30 Mar 1900, 17:30 Fri. Since then the Sun has moved 290° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 1957; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1822.