Panchang in Huron, South Dakota, United States Tue 4 Jul 2023

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 192°–204° is the 17th, Krishna Dwitiya. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:54 here. Pratipada ended at 03:08, before it. Dwitiya ends at 23:32, when the lead reaches 204°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 3 Jul, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise.

New Delhi · IST

Sunrise here, 05:27, came before Pratipada ended at 13:38: this day reads Pratipada.

Huron · UTC−5

Sunrise here, 05:54, came after Pratipada ended at 03:08: this day reads Dwitiya.

The night of Mon 3 Jul ran from sunset 21:20 Mon to sunrise 05:54, 8 h 34 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 34 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:54 to 21:20, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 55 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 21:20 to 05:54 Wed, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 4 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Uttara Ashadha spans 266°40′–280°00′; the Moon entered its pada 2 at 270°. It leaves at 19:09, for Shravana.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 78.1° + 271.7° = 349.8°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 346°40′–360°00′ is the 27th, Vaidhriti. It ends at 21:17, then Vishkambha.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Dwitiya is Taitila and the second Garaja. Taitila runs until 13:20, when the lead reaches 198°; Garaja until 23:32.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:54 to 05:54 Wed, so the hours after midnight still belong to Mangalawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Mithuna gives Ashadha. The Sun enters Karka on 16 Jul, inside the month. The next new moon, 17 Jul, finds it in Karka and begins Shravana.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 17 Jul, with the Sun in Karka, begins Shravana. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Shravana here, and Ashadha in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 21 Mar 2023, 12:23 Tue. Since then the Sun has moved 101.5° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2080; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1945.