Panchang in Diffa, Niger Sat 15 Oct 2039

Shiva’s Pradosh puja is done in pradosha, the 3 muhurtas after sunset. Trayodashi runs from 01:38 on Sat 15 Oct to 00:23 on Sun 16 Oct, so only Saturday’s pradosha (17:50–20:16) falls within it. No text giving Pradosh Vrat’s time was found; pradosha is Tithika’s convention.

Pradosh Vrat: every date in Diffa

Shiva’s worship centres on nishitha, the midnight muhurta. Chaturdashi runs from 00:23 on Sun 16 Oct to 22:30 on Sun 16 Oct, between the two nights’ nishitha, touching neither. The Nirnayasindhu then takes the earlier day: Sat 15 Oct. No text giving Masik Shivratri’s time was found; nishitha is Tithika’s convention.

Masik Shivratri: every date in Diffa

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 324°–336° is the 28th, Krishna Trayodashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:00 here. Dwadashi ended at 01:38, before it. Trayodashi ends at 00:23 Sun, when the lead reaches 336°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 2 Oct, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Fri 14 Oct ran from sunset 17:51 Fri to sunrise 06:00, 12 h 9 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 48 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:00 to 17:50, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 28 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 17:50 to 06:00 Sun, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 31 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Purva Phalguni spans 133°20′–146°40′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 143°20′. It leaves at 11:28, for Uttara Phalguni.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 177.3° + 143.6° = 320.9°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 320°00′–333°20′ is the 25th, Brahma. It ends at 02:21 Sun, then Indra.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Trayodashi is Garaja and the second Vanija. Garaja runs until 13:06, when the lead reaches 330°; Vanija until 00:23 Sun.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:00 to 06:00 Sun, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shaniwara.

A month normally holds one sankranti, the Sun's entry into a new rashi. From 18 Sep 09:23 Sun to 17 Oct 20:09 Mon the Sun stayed in Kanya, entering Tula at 17 Oct 23:25 Mon, after the new moon. A month with no sankranti is Adhika Ashwina, before Ashwina itself.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 17 Oct, with the Sun in Kanya, begins Ashwina (Adhik). Until then this Krishna paksha reads Ashwina (Adhik) here, and Ashwina (Adhik) in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 24 Mar 2039, 18:59 Thu. Since then the Sun has moved 197.8° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2096; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1961.