Panchang in Diffa, Niger Wed 5 Oct 2039

The Sankashti fast is broken at moonrise. Chaturthi runs from 11:05 on Wed 5 Oct to 13:06 on Thu 6 Oct, so it holds moonrise only on Wed 5 Oct, at 20:19. No text giving Sankashti Chaturthi’s time was found; moonrise is Tithika’s convention.

Sankashti Chaturthi: every date in Diffa

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 204°–216° is the 18th, Krishna Tritiya. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:59 here. Dwitiya ended at 09:36 Tue, before it. Tritiya ends at 11:05, when the lead reaches 216°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 2 Oct, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Tue 4 Oct ran from sunset 17:57 Tue to sunrise 05:59, 12 h 2 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 48 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:59 to 17:56, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 29 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 17:56 to 05:59 Thu, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 30 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Bharani spans 13°20′–26°40′; the Moon entered its pada 3 at 20°. It leaves at 17:06, for Krittika.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 167.4° + 21° = 188.4°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 186°40′–200°00′ is the 15th, Vajra. It ends at 03:08 Thu, then Siddhi.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Tritiya is Vanija and the second Vishti. Vanija ended at 22:16 Tue, when the lead reached 210°; Vishti runs until 11:05.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:59 to 05:59 Thu, so the hours after midnight still belong to Budhawara.

A month normally holds one sankranti, the Sun's entry into a new rashi. From 18 Sep 09:23 Sun to 17 Oct 20:09 Mon the Sun stayed in Kanya, entering Tula at 17 Oct 23:25 Mon, after the new moon. A month with no sankranti is Adhika Ashwina, before Ashwina itself.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 17 Oct, with the Sun in Kanya, begins Ashwina (Adhik). Until then this Krishna paksha reads Ashwina (Adhik) here, and Ashwina (Adhik) in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 24 Mar 2039, 18:59 Thu. Since then the Sun has moved 187.9° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2096; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1961.