Panchang in Diffa, Niger Sun 26 Oct 2025

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 48°–60° is the 5th, Shukla Panchami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:02 here. Chaturthi ended at 23:18 Sat, before it. Panchami ends at 01:35 Mon, when the lead reaches 60°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 21 Oct, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

The night of Sat 25 Oct ran from sunset 17:45 Sat to sunrise 06:02, 12 h 17 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 49 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:02 to 17:44, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 27 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 17:44 to 06:02 Mon, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 32 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Jyeshtha spans 226°40′–240°00′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 236°40′. It leaves at 06:16, for Mula.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 188.8° + 239.9° = 428.7°, one full turn and 68.7°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 66°40′–80°00′ is the 6th, Atiganda. It ends at 02:56 Mon, then Sukarma.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Panchami is Bava and the second Balava. Bava runs until 12:29, when the lead reaches 54°; Balava until 01:35 Mon.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:02 to 06:02 Mon, so the hours after midnight still belong to Raviwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Tula gives Kartika. The Sun enters Vrishchika on 16 Nov, inside the month. The next new moon, 20 Nov, finds it in Vrishchika and begins Margashirsha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 21 Oct, with the Sun in Tula, began Kartika. This Shukla paksha reads Kartika in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 29 Mar 2025, 11:57 Sat. Since then the Sun has moved 204° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2082; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1947.