Panchang in Diffa, Niger Tue 31 Oct 2023

The Karwa Chauth fast is broken at moonrise. Chaturthi runs from 17:00 on Tue 31 Oct to 16:49 on Wed 1 Nov, so it holds moonrise only on Tue 31 Oct, at 19:59.

Karwa Chauth: every date in Diffa

The Sankashti fast is broken at moonrise. Chaturthi runs from 17:00 on Tue 31 Oct to 16:49 on Wed 1 Nov, so it holds moonrise only on Tue 31 Oct, at 19:59. No text giving Sankashti Chaturthi’s time was found; moonrise is Tithika’s convention.

Sankashti Chaturthi: every date in Diffa

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 204°–216° is the 18th, Krishna Tritiya. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:03 here. Dwitiya ended at 17:53 Mon, before it. Tritiya ends at 17:00, when the lead reaches 216°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 28 Oct, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Mon 30 Oct ran from sunset 17:43 Mon to sunrise 06:03, 12 h 20 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 49 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:03 to 17:43, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 27 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 17:43 to 06:03 Wed, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 32 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Rohini spans 40°00′–53°20′; the Moon entered its pada 2 at 43°20′. It leaves at 23:27, for Mrigashira.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 193.3° + 43.7° = 237°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 226°40′–240°00′ is the 18th, Variyana. It ends at 11:03, then Parigha.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Tritiya is Vanija and the second Vishti. Vanija ended at 05:22, when the lead reached 210°; Vishti runs until 17:00.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:03 to 06:03 Wed, so the hours after midnight still belong to Mangalawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Kanya gives Ashwina. The Sun enters Tula on 17 Oct, inside the month. The next new moon, 13 Nov, finds it in Tula and begins Kartika.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 13 Nov, with the Sun in Tula, begins Kartika. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Kartika here, and Ashwina in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 21 Mar 2023, 18:23 Tue. Since then the Sun has moved 216.7° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2080; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1945.