Panchang in Diffa, Niger Wed 30 Aug 2023

The rakhi is tied in aparahna, the fourth fifth of the day, outside bhadra. Purnima runs from 06:28 on Wed 30 Aug to 02:35 on Thu 31 Aug, so only Wednesday’s aparahna (13:24–15:53) falls within it. Bhadra lasts until 16:32, and the Dharmasindhu keeps the rite out of bhadra: it is done from 16:32. Every reading takes that day.

Raksha Bandhan muhurat: the time after bhadra, at 16:32.

Raksha Bandhan: every date in Diffa

Purnima follows the tithi at sunrise. Purnima begins at 06:28 on Wed 30 Aug, after that sunrise, and ends at 02:35 on Thu 31 Aug, before the next: it holds no sunrise. A tithi that holds no sunrise is kept on the day it is current: Wed 30 Aug. No text giving Purnima’s time was found; sunrise is Tithika’s convention.

Purnima: every date in Diffa

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 156°–168° is the 14th, Shukla Chaturdashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:58 here. Trayodashi ended at 10:18 Tue, before it. Chaturdashi ends at 06:28, when the lead reaches 168°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 16 Aug, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Purnima began at 06:28 and ended at 02:35 Thu, between the sunrises of 05:58 and 05:58 Thu. Wednesday reads Chaturdashi and Thursday reads Pratipada: Purnima is a kshaya tithi here.

The night of Tue 29 Aug ran from sunset 18:22 Tue to sunrise 05:58, 11 h 36 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 46 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:58 to 18:22, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 33 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:22 to 05:58 Thu, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 27 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Dhanishtha spans 293°20′–306°40′; the Moon entered its pada 3 at 300°. It leaves at 16:16, for Shatabhisha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 132.4° + 300.1° = 432.5°, one full turn and 72.5°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 66°40′–80°00′ is the 6th, Atiganda. It ends at 17:02, then Sukarma.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Chaturdashi is Garaja and the second Vanija. Garaja ended at 20:24 Tue, when the lead reached 162°; Vanija runs until 06:28.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:58 to 05:58 Thu, so the hours after midnight still belong to Budhawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Karka gives Shravana. The Sun enters Simha on 17 Aug, inside the month. The next new moon, 15 Sep, finds it in Simha and begins Bhadrapada.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 16 Aug, with the Sun in Karka, began Shravana. This Shukla paksha reads Shravana in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 21 Mar 2023, 18:23 Tue. Since then the Sun has moved 155.8° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2080; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1945.