Panchang in Diffa, Niger Fri 14 Jan 2022

The Sun enters Makara at 09:59, between sunrise (06:36) and sunset (18:01). The Dharmasindhu’s punya kala is the 40 ghatis after the ingress, so the bath and gifts fall that day: Fri 14 Jan.

Makar Sankranti: every date in Diffa

Shiva’s Pradosh puja is done in pradosha, the 3 muhurtas after sunset. Trayodashi began at 17:49 on Fri 14 Jan, before that evening’s pradosha, and ended at 20:27 on Sat 15 Jan, partway into the next. The Nirnayasindhu takes the evening Trayodashi fills: Fri 14 Jan. No text giving Pradosh Vrat’s time was found; pradosha is Tithika’s convention.

Pradosh Vrat: every date in Diffa

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 132°–144° is the 12th, Shukla Dwadashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:36 here. Ekadashi ended at 15:03 Thu, before it. Dwadashi ends at 17:49, when the lead reaches 144°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 2 Jan, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

The night of Thu 13 Jan ran from sunset 18:00 Thu to sunrise 06:36, 12 h 36 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 50 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:36 to 18:01, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 25 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:01 to 06:36 Sat, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 34 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Rohini spans 40°00′–53°20′; the Moon entered its pada 3 at 46°40′. It leaves at 15:47, for Mrigashira.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 269.9° + 48.8° = 318.7°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 306°40′–320°00′ is the 24th, Shukla. It ends at 09:04, then Brahma.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Dwadashi is Bava and the second Balava. Bava ended at 04:26, when the lead reached 138°; Balava runs until 17:49.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:36 to 06:36 Sat, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shukrawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Dhanu gives Pausha. The Sun enters Makara on 14 Jan, inside the month. The next new moon, 1 Feb, finds it in Makara and begins Magha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 2 Jan, with the Sun in Dhanu, began Pausha. This Shukla paksha reads Pausha in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 12 Apr 2021, 03:30 Mon. Since then the Sun has moved 271.6° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2078; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1943.