Panchang in Diffa, Niger Fri 31 Dec 2021

Shiva’s Pradosh puja is done in pradosha, the 3 muhurtas after sunset. Trayodashi runs from 06:10 on Fri 31 Dec to 02:47 on Sat 1 Jan, so only Friday’s pradosha (17:53–20:25) falls within it. No text giving Pradosh Vrat’s time was found; pradosha is Tithika’s convention.

Pradosh Vrat: every date in Diffa

Shiva’s worship centres on nishitha, the midnight muhurta. Chaturdashi runs from 02:47 on Sat 1 Jan to 23:12 on Sat 1 Jan, between the two nights’ nishitha, touching neither. The Nirnayasindhu then takes the earlier day: Fri 31 Dec. No text giving Masik Shivratri’s time was found; nishitha is Tithika’s convention.

Masik Shivratri: every date in Diffa

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 324°–336° is the 28th, Krishna Trayodashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:31 here. Dwadashi ended at 06:10, before it. Trayodashi ends at 02:47 Sat, when the lead reaches 336°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 19 Dec, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise.

New Delhi · IST

Sunrise here, 07:13, came before Dwadashi ended at 10:40: this day reads Dwadashi.

Diffa · UTC+1

Sunrise here, 06:31, came after Dwadashi ended at 06:10: this day reads Trayodashi.

The night of Thu 30 Dec ran from sunset 17:52 Thu to sunrise 06:31, 12 h 39 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 50 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:31 to 17:53, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 25 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 17:53 to 06:32 Sat, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 34 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Anuradha spans 213°20′–226°40′; the Moon entered its pada 2 at 216°40′. It leaves at 17:34, for Jyeshtha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 255.6° + 219.8° = 475.4°, one full turn and 115.4°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 106°40′–120°00′ is the 9th, Shula. It ends at 13:29, then Ganda.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Trayodashi is Garaja and the second Vanija. Garaja runs until 16:30, when the lead reaches 330°; Vanija until 02:47 Sat.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:31 to 06:32 Sat, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shukrawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Vrishchika gives Margashirsha. The Sun enters Dhanu on 15 Dec, inside the month. The next new moon, 2 Jan, finds it in Dhanu and begins Pausha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 2 Jan, with the Sun in Dhanu, begins Pausha. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Pausha here, and Margashirsha in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 12 Apr 2021, 03:30 Mon. Since then the Sun has moved 257.3° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2078; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1943.