Panchang in Diffa, Niger Fri 8 Oct 2021

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 12°–24° is the 2nd, Shukla Dwitiya. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:59 here. Pratipada ended at 09:17 Thu, before it. Dwitiya ends at 06:18, when the lead reaches 24°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 6 Oct, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Tritiya began at 06:18 and ended at 03:19 Sat, between the sunrises of 05:59 and 05:59 Sat. Friday reads Dwitiya and Saturday reads Chaturthi: Tritiya is a kshaya tithi here.

The night of Thu 7 Oct ran from sunset 17:55 Thu to sunrise 05:59, 12 h 4 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 48 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:59 to 17:54, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 29 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 17:54 to 05:59 Sat, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 30 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Swati spans 186°40′–200°00′; the Moon entered its pada 3 at 193°20′. It leaves at 14:29, for Vishakha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 171° + 194.8° = 365.8°, one full turn and 5.8°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 0°00′–13°20′ is the 1st, Vishkambha. It ends at 17:33, then Priti.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Dwitiya is Balava and the second Kaulava. Balava ended at 19:48 Thu, when the lead reached 18°; Kaulava runs until 06:18.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:59 to 05:59 Sat, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shukrawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Kanya gives Ashwina. The Sun enters Tula on 17 Oct, inside the month. The next new moon, 4 Nov, finds it in Tula and begins Kartika.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 6 Oct, with the Sun in Kanya, began Ashwina. This Shukla paksha reads Ashwina in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 12 Apr 2021, 03:30 Mon. Since then the Sun has moved 172.7° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2078; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1943.