Panchang in Diffa, Niger Tue 8 Jan 2019

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 12°–24° is the 2nd, Shukla Dwitiya. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:34 here. Pratipada ended at 04:48 Mon, before it. Dwitiya ends at 07:24, when the lead reaches 24°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 6 Jan, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Dwitiya began at 04:48 Mon, before sunrise at 06:34 Mon, and ends at 07:24, after the next sunrise at 06:34. Both days read Dwitiya: it is a vriddhi tithi here.

The night of Mon 7 Jan ran from sunset 17:57 Mon to sunrise 06:34, 12 h 37 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 50 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:34 to 17:57, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 25 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 17:57 to 06:34 Wed, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 34 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Shravana spans 280°00′–293°20′; the Moon entered its pada 3 at 286°40′. It leaves at 19:10, for Dhanishtha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 263.5° + 287.1° = 550.6°, one full turn and 190.6°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 186°40′–200°00′ is the 15th, Vajra. It ends at 00:04 Wed, then Siddhi.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Dwitiya is Balava and the second Kaulava. Balava ended at 18:04 Mon, when the lead reached 18°; Kaulava runs until 07:24.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:34 to 06:34 Wed, so the hours after midnight still belong to Mangalawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Dhanu gives Pausha. The Sun enters Makara on 14 Jan, inside the month. The next new moon, 4 Feb, finds it in Makara and begins Magha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 6 Jan, with the Sun in Dhanu, began Pausha. This Shukla paksha reads Pausha in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 17 Mar 2018, 14:11 Sat. Since then the Sun has moved 290.7° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2075; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1940.