Panchang in Diffa, Niger Fri 16 Nov 2018

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 96°–108° is the 9th, Shukla Navami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:09 here. Ashtami ended at 05:10, before it. Navami ends at 07:24 Sat, when the lead reaches 108°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 7 Nov, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Navami began at 05:10, before sunrise at 06:09, and ends at 07:24 Sat, after the next sunrise at 06:09 Sat. Both days read Navami: it is a vriddhi tithi here.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise.

New Delhi · IST

Sunrise here, 06:44, came before Ashtami ended at 09:40: this day reads Ashtami.

Diffa · UTC+1

Sunrise here, 06:09, came after Ashtami ended at 05:10: this day reads Navami.

The night of Thu 15 Nov ran from sunset 17:39 Thu to sunrise 06:09, 12 h 30 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 50 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:09 to 17:39, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 26 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 17:39 to 06:09 Sat, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 33 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Dhanishtha spans 293°20′–306°40′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 303°20′. It leaves at 07:16, for Shatabhisha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 209.7° + 306.1° = 515.8°, one full turn and 155.8°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 146°40′–160°00′ is the 12th, Dhruva. It ends at 13:58, then Vyaghata.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Navami is Balava and the second Kaulava. Balava runs until 18:21, when the lead reaches 102°; Kaulava until 07:24 Sat.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:09 to 06:09 Sat, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shukrawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Tula gives Kartika. The Sun enters Vrishchika on 16 Nov, inside the month. The next new moon, 7 Dec, finds it in Vrishchika and begins Margashirsha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 7 Nov, with the Sun in Tula, began Kartika. This Shukla paksha reads Kartika in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 17 Mar 2018, 14:11 Sat. Since then the Sun has moved 236.9° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2075; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1940.