Panchang in Diffa, Niger Wed 12 Sep 2018

Ganesha’s puja is done at madhyahna, the middle fifth of the day. Chaturthi runs from 11:37 on Wed 12 Sep to 10:21 on Thu 13 Sep, so it touches only Wednesday’s madhyahna (10:52–13:19).

Ganesh Chaturthi: every date in Diffa

Hartalika Teej’s puja is done in pratahkala, the first fifth of the day. Tritiya runs from 13:34 on Tue 11 Sep to 11:37 on Wed 12 Sep, so only Wednesday’s pratahkala (05:58–08:25) falls within it. No text giving Hartalika Teej’s time was found; pratahkala is Tithika’s convention.

Hartalika Teej: every date in Diffa

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 24°–36° is the 3rd, Shukla Tritiya. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:58 here. Dwitiya ended at 13:34 Tue, before it. Tritiya ends at 11:37, when the lead reaches 36°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 9 Sep, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

The night of Tue 11 Sep ran from sunset 18:13 Tue to sunrise 05:58, 11 h 45 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 47 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:58 to 18:13, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 31 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:13 to 05:58 Thu, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 28 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Chitra spans 173°20′–186°40′; the Moon entered its pada 2 at 176°40′. It leaves at 20:37, for Swati.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 145.3° + 178.2° = 323.5°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 320°00′–333°20′ is the 25th, Brahma. It ends at 21:55, then Indra.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Tritiya is Taitila and the second Garaja. Taitila ended at 00:31, when the lead reached 30°; Garaja runs until 11:37.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:58 to 05:58 Thu, so the hours after midnight still belong to Budhawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Simha gives Bhadrapada. The Sun enters Kanya on 17 Sep, inside the month. The next new moon, 9 Oct, finds it in Kanya and begins Ashwina.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 9 Sep, with the Sun in Simha, began Bhadrapada. This Shukla paksha reads Bhadrapada in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 17 Mar 2018, 14:11 Sat. Since then the Sun has moved 172.5° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2075; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1940.