Panchang in Diffa, Niger Sat 2 Jul 2016

Shiva’s worship centres on nishitha, the midnight muhurta. Chaturdashi runs from 17:03 on Sat 2 Jul to 14:23 on Sun 3 Jul, so only Saturday night’s nishitha (23:51–00:36 Sun) falls within it. No text giving Masik Shivratri’s time was found; nishitha is Tithika’s convention.

Masik Shivratri: every date in Diffa

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 324°–336° is the 28th, Krishna Trayodashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:46 here. Dwadashi ended at 19:53 Fri, before it. Trayodashi ends at 17:03, when the lead reaches 336°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 20 Jun, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Fri 1 Jul ran from sunset 18:40 Fri to sunrise 05:46, 11 h 6 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 44 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:46 to 18:40, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 36 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:40 to 05:47 Sun, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 23 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Rohini spans 40°00′–53°20′; the Moon entered its pada 2 at 43°20′. It leaves at 17:26, for Mrigashira.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 76.7° + 46.3° = 123°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 120°00′–133°20′ is the 10th, Ganda. It ends at 21:55, then Vriddhi.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Trayodashi is Garaja and the second Vanija. Garaja runs until 06:27, when the lead reaches 330°; Vanija until 17:03.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:46 to 05:47 Sun, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shaniwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Vrishabha gives Jyeshtha. The Sun enters Mithuna on 14 Jun, inside the month. The next new moon, 4 Jul, finds it in Mithuna and begins Ashadha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 4 Jul, with the Sun in Mithuna, begins Ashadha. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Ashadha here, and Jyeshtha in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 7 Apr 2016, 12:23 Thu. Since then the Sun has moved 82.7° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2073; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1938.