Panchang in Diffa, Niger Mon 6 Jun 2016

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 12°–24° is the 2nd, Shukla Dwitiya. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:41 here. Pratipada ended at 00:56, before it. Dwitiya ends at 22:19, when the lead reaches 24°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 5 Jun, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise.

New Delhi · IST

Sunrise here, 05:22, came before Pratipada ended at 05:26: this day reads Pratipada. Dwitiya ends at 02:49 Tue, before the next sunrise, so no day here reads Dwitiya: it is kshaya.

Diffa · UTC+1

Sunrise here, 05:41, came after Pratipada ended at 00:56: this day reads Dwitiya.

The night of Sun 5 Jun ran from sunset 18:34 Sun to sunrise 05:41, 11 h 7 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 44 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:41 to 18:34, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 36 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:34 to 05:41 Tue, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 23 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Mrigashira spans 53°20′–66°40′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 63°20′. It leaves at 05:55, for Ardra.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 51.8° + 66.5° = 118.3°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 106°40′–120°00′ is the 9th, Shula. It ends at 08:15, then Ganda.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Dwitiya is Balava and the second Kaulava. Balava runs until 11:33, when the lead reaches 18°; Kaulava until 22:19.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:41 to 05:41 Tue, so the hours after midnight still belong to Somawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Vrishabha gives Jyeshtha. The Sun enters Mithuna on 14 Jun, inside the month. The next new moon, 4 Jul, finds it in Mithuna and begins Ashadha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 5 Jun, with the Sun in Vrishabha, began Jyeshtha. This Shukla paksha reads Jyeshtha in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 7 Apr 2016, 12:23 Thu. Since then the Sun has moved 57.8° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2073; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1938.