Panchang in Diffa, Niger Sat 24 Oct 2015

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 132°–144° is the 12th, Shukla Dwadashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:01 here. Ekadashi ended at 02:42, before it. Dwadashi ends at 23:38, when the lead reaches 144°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 13 Oct, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise.

New Delhi · IST

Sunrise here, 06:27, came before Ekadashi ended at 07:12: this day reads Ekadashi. Dwadashi ends at 04:08 Sun, before the next sunrise, so no day here reads Dwadashi: it is kshaya.

Diffa · UTC+1

Sunrise here, 06:01, came after Ekadashi ended at 02:42: this day reads Dwadashi.

The night of Fri 23 Oct ran from sunset 17:46 Fri to sunrise 06:01, 12 h 15 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 49 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:01 to 17:45, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 28 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 17:45 to 06:01 Sun, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 32 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Purva Bhadrapada spans 320°00′–333°20′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 320°. It leaves at 03:11 Sun, for Uttara Bhadrapada.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 186.4° + 320.2° = 506.6°, one full turn and 146.6°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 133°20′–146°40′ is the 11th, Vriddhi. It ends at 06:01, then Dhruva.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Dwadashi is Bava and the second Balava. Bava runs until 13:13, when the lead reaches 138°; Balava until 23:38.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:01 to 06:01 Sun, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shaniwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Kanya gives Ashwina. The Sun enters Tula on 17 Oct, inside the month. The next new moon, 11 Nov, finds it in Tula and begins Kartika.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 13 Oct, with the Sun in Kanya, began Ashwina. This Shukla paksha reads Ashwina in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 20 Mar 2015, 10:36 Fri. Since then the Sun has moved 211° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2072; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1937.