Panchang in Diffa, Niger Sat 1 Aug 2015

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 180°–192° is the 16th, Krishna Pratipada. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:54 here. Purnima ended at 11:42 Fri, before it. Pratipada ends at 08:37, when the lead reaches 192°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 31 Jul, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Dwitiya began at 08:37 and ended at 05:25 Sun, between the sunrises of 05:54 and 05:54 Sun. Saturday reads Pratipada and Sunday reads Tritiya: Dwitiya is a kshaya tithi here.

The night of Fri 31 Jul ran from sunset 18:37 Fri to sunrise 05:54, 11 h 17 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 45 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:54 to 18:37, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 35 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:37 to 05:54 Sun, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 24 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Dhanishtha spans 293°20′–306°40′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 293°20′. It leaves at 00:48 Sun, for Shatabhisha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 104.6° + 295° = 399.6°, one full turn and 39.6°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 26°40′–40°00′ is the 3rd, Ayushmana. It ends at 06:32, then Saubhagya.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Pratipada is Balava and the second Kaulava. Balava ended at 22:11 Fri, when the lead reached 186°; Kaulava runs until 08:37.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:54 to 05:54 Sun, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shaniwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Mithuna gives Ashadha. The Sun enters Karka on 16 Jul, inside the month. The next new moon, 14 Aug, finds it in Karka and begins Shravana.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 14 Aug, with the Sun in Karka, begins Shravana. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Shravana here, and Ashadha in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 20 Mar 2015, 10:36 Fri. Since then the Sun has moved 129.2° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2072; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1937.