Panchang in Diffa, Niger Sun 12 Jul 2015

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 312°–324° is the 27th, Krishna Dwadashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:49 here. Ekadashi ended at 03:53, before it. Dwadashi ends at 02:56 Mon, when the lead reaches 324°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 2 Jul, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise.

New Delhi · IST

Sunrise here, 05:31, came before Ekadashi ended at 08:23: this day reads Ekadashi.

Diffa · UTC+1

Sunrise here, 05:49, came after Ekadashi ended at 03:53: this day reads Dwadashi.

The night of Sat 11 Jul ran from sunset 18:40 Sat to sunrise 05:49, 11 h 9 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 44 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:49 to 18:40, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 36 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:40 to 05:49 Mon, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 23 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Krittika spans 26°40′–40°00′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 36°40′. It leaves at 08:30, for Rohini.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 85.5° + 38.5° = 124°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 120°00′–133°20′ is the 10th, Ganda. It ends at 21:24, then Vriddhi.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Dwadashi is Kaulava and the second Taitila. Kaulava runs until 15:22, when the lead reaches 318°; Taitila until 02:56 Mon.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:49 to 05:49 Mon, so the hours after midnight still belong to Raviwara.

A month normally holds one sankranti, the Sun's entry into a new rashi. From 16 Jun 15:05 Tue to 16 Jul 02:24 Thu the Sun stayed in Mithuna, entering Karka at 16 Jul 23:32 Thu, after the new moon. A month with no sankranti is Adhika Ashadha, before Ashadha itself.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 16 Jul, with the Sun in Mithuna, begins Ashadha (Adhik). Until then this Krishna paksha reads Ashadha (Adhik) here, and Ashadha (Adhik) in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 20 Mar 2015, 10:36 Fri. Since then the Sun has moved 110.1° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2072; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1937.