Panchang in Diffa, Niger Thu 13 Feb 2014

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 156°–168° is the 14th, Shukla Chaturdashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:33 here. Trayodashi ended at 20:14 Wed, before it. Chaturdashi ends at 22:39, when the lead reaches 168°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 30 Jan, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

The night of Wed 12 Feb ran from sunset 18:14 Wed to sunrise 06:33, 12 h 19 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 49 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:33 to 18:14, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 27 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:14 to 06:32 Fri, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 32 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Pushya spans 93°20′–106°40′; the Moon entered its pada 3 at 100°. It leaves at 17:52, for Ashlesha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 300.4° + 101° = 401.4°, one full turn and 41.4°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 40°00′–53°20′ is the 4th, Saubhagya. It ends at 04:38 Fri, then Shobhana.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Chaturdashi is Garaja and the second Vanija. Garaja runs until 09:28, when the lead reaches 162°; Vanija until 22:39.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:33 to 06:32 Fri, so the hours after midnight still belong to Guruwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Makara gives Magha. The Sun enters Kumbha on 12 Feb, inside the month. The next new moon, 1 Mar, finds it in Kumbha and begins Phalguna.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 30 Jan, with the Sun in Makara, began Magha. This Shukla paksha reads Magha in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 10 Apr 2013, 10:35 Wed. Since then the Sun has moved 303.8° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2070; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1935.