Panchang in Diffa, Niger Mon 30 Dec 2013

Shiva’s Pradosh puja is done in pradosha, the 3 muhurtas after sunset. Trayodashi runs from 22:28 on Sun 29 Dec to 19:29 on Mon 30 Dec, so it touches only Monday’s pradosha (17:52–20:24). No text giving Pradosh Vrat’s time was found; pradosha is Tithika’s convention.

Pradosh Vrat: every date in Diffa

Shiva’s worship centres on nishitha, the midnight muhurta. Chaturdashi runs from 19:29 on Mon 30 Dec to 16:00 on Tue 31 Dec, so only Monday night’s nishitha (23:47–00:37 Tue) falls within it. No text giving Masik Shivratri’s time was found; nishitha is Tithika’s convention.

Masik Shivratri: every date in Diffa

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 324°–336° is the 28th, Krishna Trayodashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:31 here. Dwadashi ended at 22:28 Sun, before it. Trayodashi ends at 19:29, when the lead reaches 336°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 17 Dec, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Sun 29 Dec ran from sunset 17:52 Sun to sunrise 06:31, 12 h 39 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 50 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:31 to 17:52, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 25 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 17:52 to 06:31 Tue, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 34 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Anuradha spans 213°20′–226°40′; the Moon entered its pada 3 at 220°. It leaves at 12:12, for Jyeshtha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 254.6° + 223.2° = 477.8°, one full turn and 117.8°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 106°40′–120°00′ is the 9th, Shula. It ends at 09:53, then Ganda.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Trayodashi is Garaja and the second Vanija. Garaja runs until 09:03, when the lead reaches 330°; Vanija until 19:29.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:31 to 06:31 Tue, so the hours after midnight still belong to Somawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Vrishchika gives Margashirsha. The Sun enters Dhanu on 15 Dec, inside the month. The next new moon, 1 Jan, finds it in Dhanu and begins Pausha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 1 Jan, with the Sun in Dhanu, begins Pausha. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Pausha here, and Margashirsha in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 10 Apr 2013, 10:35 Wed. Since then the Sun has moved 258° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2070; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1935.