Panchang in Diffa, Niger Sun 11 Aug 2013

Nag Panchami follows the tithi at sunrise. Panchami runs from 02:22 on Sun 11 Aug to 02:15 on Mon 12 Aug, so it holds sunrise only on Sun 11 Aug, at 05:56. No text giving Nag Panchami’s time was found; sunrise is Tithika’s convention.

Nag Panchami: every date in Diffa

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 48°–60° is the 5th, Shukla Panchami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:56 here. Chaturthi ended at 02:22, before it. Panchami ends at 02:15 Mon, when the lead reaches 60°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 6 Aug, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise.

New Delhi · IST

Sunrise here, 05:48, came before Chaturthi ended at 06:52: this day reads Chaturthi.

Diffa · UTC+1

Sunrise here, 05:56, came after Chaturthi ended at 02:22: this day reads Panchami.

The night of Sat 10 Aug ran from sunset 18:33 Sat to sunrise 05:56, 11 h 23 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 45 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:56 to 18:32, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 34 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:32 to 05:56 Mon, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 25 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Hasta spans 160°00′–173°20′; the Moon entered its pada 2 at 163°20′. It leaves at 22:21, for Chitra.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 114.7° + 164.4° = 279.1°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 266°40′–280°00′ is the 21st, Siddha. It ends at 07:31, then Sadhya.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Panchami is Bava and the second Balava. Bava runs until 14:22, when the lead reaches 54°; Balava until 02:15 Mon.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:56 to 05:56 Mon, so the hours after midnight still belong to Raviwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Karka gives Shravana. The Sun enters Simha on 16 Aug, inside the month. The next new moon, 5 Sep, finds it in Simha and begins Bhadrapada.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 6 Aug, with the Sun in Karka, began Shravana. This Shukla paksha reads Shravana in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 10 Apr 2013, 10:35 Wed. Since then the Sun has moved 118.1° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2070; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1935.