Panchang in Diffa, Niger Sun 12 May 2013

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 12°–24° is the 2nd, Shukla Dwitiya. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:44 here. Pratipada ended at 03:30 Sat, before it. Dwitiya ends at 05:48, when the lead reaches 24°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 10 May, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Dwitiya began at 03:30 Sat, before sunrise at 05:44 Sat, and ends at 05:48, after the next sunrise at 05:44. Both days read Dwitiya: it is a vriddhi tithi here.

The night of Sat 11 May ran from sunset 18:27 Sat to sunrise 05:44, 11 h 17 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 45 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:44 to 18:27, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 35 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:27 to 05:44 Mon, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 24 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Rohini spans 40°00′–53°20′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 50°. It leaves at 09:21, for Mrigashira.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 27.6° + 51.5° = 79.1°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 66°40′–80°00′ is the 6th, Atiganda. It ends at 07:22, then Sukarma.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Dwitiya is Balava and the second Kaulava. Balava ended at 16:37 Sat, when the lead reached 18°; Kaulava runs until 05:48.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:44 to 05:44 Mon, so the hours after midnight still belong to Raviwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Mesha gives Vaishakha. The Sun enters Vrishabha on 14 May, inside the month. The next new moon, 8 Jun, finds it in Vrishabha and begins Jyeshtha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 10 May, with the Sun in Mesha, began Vaishakha. This Shukla paksha reads Vaishakha in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 10 Apr 2013, 10:35 Wed. Since then the Sun has moved 31° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2070; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1935.