Panchang in Diffa, Niger Sat 16 Feb 2013

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 72°–84° is the 7th, Shukla Saptami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:31 here. Shashthi ended at 06:06, before it. Saptami ends at 08:15 Sun, when the lead reaches 84°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 10 Feb, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Saptami began at 06:06, before sunrise at 06:31, and ends at 08:15 Sun, after the next sunrise at 06:31 Sun. Both days read Saptami: it is a vriddhi tithi here.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise.

New Delhi · IST

Sunrise here, 06:58, came before Shashthi ended at 10:36: this day reads Shashthi.

Diffa · UTC+1

Sunrise here, 06:31, came after Shashthi ended at 06:06: this day reads Saptami.

The night of Fri 15 Feb ran from sunset 18:15 Fri to sunrise 06:31, 12 h 16 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 49 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:31 to 18:15, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 28 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:15 to 06:31 Sun, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 32 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Bharani spans 13°20′–26°40′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 13°20′. It leaves at 04:05 Sun, for Krittika.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 303.7° + 15.9° = 319.6°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 306°40′–320°00′ is the 24th, Shukla. It ends at 07:24, then Brahma.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Saptami is Garaja and the second Vanija. Garaja runs until 19:07, when the lead reaches 78°; Vanija until 08:15 Sun.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:31 to 06:31 Sun, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shaniwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Makara gives Magha. The Sun enters Kumbha on 12 Feb, inside the month. The next new moon, 11 Mar, finds it in Kumbha and begins Phalguna.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 10 Feb, with the Sun in Makara, began Magha. This Shukla paksha reads Magha in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 22 Mar 2012, 15:37 Thu. Since then the Sun has moved 325.4° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2069; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1934.