Panchang in Diffa, Niger Tue 6 Dec 2011

Smartas test Ekadashi at sunrise. It holds both sunrises, 06:18 on Mon 5 Dec and 06:19 on Tue 6 Dec. Ekadashi (04:20 Mon 5 Dec to 06:57 Tue 6 Dec) and Dwadashi (06:57 Tue 6 Dec to 09:32 Wed 7 Dec) are both longer than their day; when both grow, Smartas take the later day: Tue 6 Dec. Vaishnavas test arunodaya: over two sunrises, they too fast on the second.

Mokshada Ekadashi: every date in Diffa

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 120°–132° is the 11th, Shukla Ekadashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:19 here. Dashami ended at 04:20 Mon, before it. Ekadashi ends at 06:57, when the lead reaches 132°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 25 Nov, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Ekadashi began at 04:20 Mon, before sunrise at 06:18 Mon, and ends at 06:57, after the next sunrise at 06:19. Both days read Ekadashi: it is a vriddhi tithi here.

The night of Mon 5 Dec ran from sunset 17:41 Mon to sunrise 06:19, 12 h 38 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 50 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:19 to 17:41, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 25 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 17:41 to 06:19 Wed, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 34 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Ashwini spans 0°00′–13°20′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 0°. It leaves at 06:28 Wed, for Bharani.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 229.7° + 1.4° = 231.1°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 226°40′–240°00′ is the 18th, Variyana. It ends at 22:55, then Parigha.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Ekadashi is Vanija and the second Vishti. Vanija ended at 17:38 Mon, when the lead reached 126°; Vishti runs until 06:57.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:19 to 06:19 Wed, so the hours after midnight still belong to Mangalawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Vrishchika gives Margashirsha. The Sun enters Dhanu on 16 Dec, inside the month. The next new moon, 24 Dec, finds it in Dhanu and begins Pausha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 25 Nov, with the Sun in Vrishchika, began Margashirsha. This Shukla paksha reads Margashirsha in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 3 Apr 2011, 15:32 Sun. Since then the Sun has moved 240.2° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2068; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1933.