Panchang in Diffa, Niger Tue 29 Dec 2009

Shiva’s Pradosh puja is done in pradosha, the 3 muhurtas after sunset. Trayodashi runs from 04:51 on Tue 29 Dec to 02:26 on Wed 30 Dec, so only Tuesday’s pradosha (17:52–20:24) falls within it. No text giving Pradosh Vrat’s time was found; pradosha is Tithika’s convention.

Pradosh Vrat: every date in Diffa

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 144°–156° is the 13th, Shukla Trayodashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:31 here. Dwadashi ended at 04:51, before it. Trayodashi ends at 02:26 Wed, when the lead reaches 156°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 16 Dec, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise.

New Delhi · IST

Sunrise here, 07:12, came before Dwadashi ended at 09:21: this day reads Dwadashi. Trayodashi ends at 06:56 Wed, before the next sunrise, so no day here reads Trayodashi: it is kshaya.

Diffa · UTC+1

Sunrise here, 06:31, came after Dwadashi ended at 04:51: this day reads Trayodashi.

The night of Mon 28 Dec ran from sunset 17:51 Mon to sunrise 06:31, 12 h 40 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 50 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:31 to 17:52, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 25 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 17:52 to 06:31 Wed, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 34 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Krittika spans 26°40′–40°00′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 36°40′. It leaves at 08:59, for Rohini.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 253.6° + 38.5° = 292.1°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 280°00′–293°20′ is the 22nd, Sadhya. It ends at 08:21, then Shubha.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Trayodashi is Kaulava and the second Taitila. Kaulava runs until 15:43, when the lead reaches 150°; Taitila until 02:26 Wed.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:31 to 06:31 Wed, so the hours after midnight still belong to Mangalawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Dhanu gives Pausha. The Sun enters Makara on 14 Jan, inside the month. The next new moon, 15 Jan, finds it in Makara and begins Magha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 16 Dec, with the Sun in Dhanu, began Pausha. This Shukla paksha reads Pausha in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 26 Mar 2009, 17:05 Thu. Since then the Sun has moved 271.5° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2066; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1931.